India has unique technologies and methods that do not essentially interoperate ideally. That is a major shortcoming. There are similarly a lot of cases purportedly demonstrating that foreigners from neighbouring nations are effortlessly ready to get some sort of identity cards which instantaneously and unlawfully, transform them into Indian citizens.

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Contents

Preface—v

Chapter 1—Internal Security: An Introductory Overview—1

Chapter 2—Major Issues and Challenges to Internal Security—7

Chapter 3—Contemporary Security Threats to India—50

Chapter 4—Challenges Posed by Left Wing Extremism/Naxalism—64

Chapter 5—Challenges Posed by The Northeast Insurgency—74

Chapter 6—Challenges Posed by Jammu and Kashmir Militancy—90

Chapter 7—Challenges Posed by Communal Strife and Violence—99

Chapter 8—Major Linkages Between Development and Spread of Extremism—112

Chapter 9—Challenges to Internal Security due to the Roles Played by External State and Non-State Actors—122

Chapter 10—Challenges to Internal Security Posed by Radiological and Nuclear Terrorism—136

Chapter 11—Challenges Posed by Cyber Security, Communication Networks, Role of Social Media and Networking Sites—149

Chapter 12—Border Areas Security Challenges and Management—173

Chapter 13—Challenges to Internal Security Posed by Organized Crime—190

Chapter 14—Challenges to Internal Security Posed by Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing—197

Chapter 15—India’s Security Forces, Security Organizations and Their Mandates: An Overview—210

Chapter 16—Model Questions/Answers and Previous Years’ Questions—227

Appendix-I—The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (Act No. 28 of 1958)—241

Appendix-II—The National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 (Act No. 34 of 2008)—243

Appendix-III—Mcoca, 1999—252

Appendix-IV—List of Indian Intelligence Agencies—269

Previous Years' Questions of IAS GS Mains Exam—271

Bibliography—277

Dr. B. Ramaswamy is a well-known Social Scientist, Educator, Author & Motivator. Till recently, he was Pro-Vice Chancellor of APG Shimla University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Currently he is Legal Advisor to Members of Parliament He is Member - Divisional Railway Users' Consultative Committee (DRUCC) on Railways of Chennai Division. Govt of India. He is visiting Member to the Centre of IT and Social Science, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT). Member - Doctoral Advisory Committee, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (HIIT) Delhi. It is a research-oriented university. ACADEMIC ADVISOR - Bon Secours - College for Women- TANJORE (TN) (A GRADE BY NAAC) affiliated to the Bharathidasan University. He has obtained all his qualifications from the reputed institutions and universities such as Loyola College, Delhi School of Economics, etc. Apart from his exemplary achievements in the field of Sociology, academically and professionally, he has several other qualifications and professional achievements in the fields of Disaster Management, Journalism and Mass Communication, Human Rights, IPR, Cyber Law, Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, Vedic Culture, Leadership, Issues of Women and Children, Disability Studies etc. He holds a Doctorate in Sociology from Singhania University, Honorary Doctorate from Cosmopolitan University, USA,& Inter American University of Humanistic Studies, Florida, USA, in the field of Social Science. He was also awarded Honorary Doctorate on Humanities in Apostolic International University, affiliated with and accredited by International Institute of Church Management Inc., Florida, USA. He has guided M. Phil. and Ph.D. scholars on his competent areas. He is a Visiting Fellow, Advisor, Member in several prestigious Institutions both in Government and Private such as IIT Roorkee, YASHADA, Raj Bhawan, Pune and NIPCCD, Govt. of India, Delhi. He has published more than 250 articles/ books both in National and International magazines/publication of repute. He continues to write articles to leading magazines and newspapers. Being a renowned Social Scientist, he is an invited Speaker to deliver key note addresses and Chief Guest to various functions, seminars, national and international conferences, Convocations and workshops. He travelled to more than 19 countries to deliver various areas of lectures. He motivates large number of youth including the school children. He makes tremendous impact while delivering each lecture which brings tremendous mind transformation to the youth of India towards nation building. He holds important positions in Government viz Member, Maintenance Tribunal Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizen Act 2007. He also worked as Deputy Chief Warden-Civil Defence Corps. Delhi and as Director in very many Institutions and Private bodies. He was an acting Chairperson, Child Welfare Committee, Government of NCT, Delhi - A bench of Magistrates constituted under section 29 of Juvenile Justice. Being an expert Social Scientist and Educationist, he is interviewed regularly by the various electronic media, TV channels and Press. His passion is directed towards our Nation Building through Quality Education especially to those who are deprived of Quality education. He has so far produced more than over 1000 civil service officers in the country.

Dr. Sasikala Pushpa has been the Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha). She completed her B.A. (English Literature) from University of Madras, Chennai and M.A. (Public Administration) from University of Madras, Chennai. She has also done a Diploma in Business Administration from the Southern Cross University, Singapore. Her Ph. D. in Public Administration is from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu. She has been an ardent political and social worker, teacher and educationist. Earlier, she served as the Mayor of Thoothukudi Corporation, Tamil Nadu. She also held positions like: Member, Committee on Human Resource Development; Member, Committee of Privileges; and Member, Committee of Women and Children at national level. She is a proficient Bharatanatyam dancer. She enjoys coaching IAS aspirants. In this direction, she has also organized free IAS Training Centres in rural Tamil Nadu for the Below Poverty Line (BPL) youths; has provided career guidance to students in various colleges across Tamil Nadu; and has organized developmental activities for rural women to impart training, skills and to engage them in income generation activities. She has held positions like: Joint Secretary (Women Wing, A.I.A.D.M.K., 2009); Deputy Secretary (Youth Brigade Wing, A.I.A.D.M.K., 2010); and Secretary (Women Wing, A.I.A.D.M.K., 2013. She has been associated with development of sports in rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Countries visited by her include, South Korea (as a member of the delegation sponsored by the Government of South Korea for World Mayors Conference on Climate Change in 2013); South Africa (as a member of the delegation sponsored by the Government of South Africa for World Youth Conference in 2010); and Singapore. She specializes in research in research on British Administration. She is a prolific writer and commentator. She has been selected to go as a parliament delegates for the deliberation on 137th assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation in 2017.

Dr. Sr. Victoriya Amalorpava Mary is an academician of great repute, both nationally and internationally. Currently, she works as the Principal of Bon Secours College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. She has done her Ph. D. from Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli in the subject area of Social Work. Her M. Phil. Degree is from Tamil University, Thanjavur in Social Work again. She has done her M.S.W. and B.A. degrees from Madras University, Chennai. In addition, she has handled many sponsored research projects and has participated in training programmes, besides extending several rehabilitation services.